Cognitive psychology: its role in learning and practicing the royal game
Cognitive psychology studies the mental processes underlying perception, memory, language, reasoning, and decision-making. Applied to chess, it allows us to understand how players think, learn, and solve problems over the board. In this context, chess becomes an ideal laboratory for observing two fundamental types of thinking: Convergent thinking , which seeks a precise, logical, and determined solution—such as finding the best move in a tactical position. Divergent thinking , which explores multiple possibilities, ideas, or plans—such as evaluating structures or imagining long-term strategic plans. Both types of thinking coexist and alternate constantly during a game. Cognitive psychology has identified at least seven key teachings in this area: 1. Pattern Recognition Expert players do not calculate move by move from scratch; instead, they recognize familiar configurations, such as mating nets, defensive schemes, or pawn structures. This quick recognition activates convergent t...